"From 3 to 5 weeks the puppies are in what is considered the Primary Socialization Period.
Due to increased sensory and motor abilities, an extra ordinary new interest in social interaction takes place. A constellation of interrelated behavior patterns and emotional tendencies appear at this time, heralding a lively social awareness and responsiveness. Puppies begin to exhibit more intense signs of distress (e.g., vocalizations and physical efforts to secure contact) when briefly separated from the mother and litter mates. Kinship recognition and preference is evident from an early age....
Allelomimetic (group coordinated) activity and social play begin to appear around this time, with the litter behaving like a miniature pack. Playful aggressive and sexual encounters occur frequently between litter mates. Various predatory components appear during play, including stalking, pouncing, and shaking. These behaviors are exhibited toward litter mates as well as inanimate objects that invite such curiosity and treatment. Additionally, a great deal of sparring takes place between siblings, but the dominant-subordinate roles are unstable, with social status shifting from moment to moment. Puppies spend large amounts of time mouthing and biting each other but appearing to take care not to bite too hard. This period may be a sensitive one for the acquisition of bit inhibition or a soft mouth. Some puppies that have been weaned too early in this period tend to bite more vigorously and harder than the norm (Fox and Stelzner, 1967). This inhibitory effect over had biting may stem from feedback reactions from the mother if a puppy bites to hoard while nursing, or from reactions elicited during playful jousting with litter mates.
This period is especially important for the development of a stable emotional temperament and affective tone. Many social and emotional deficits observed in adult dogs are believed to result from removing pupppies to oearly from the mother andl itter mates."
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